In laptop working techniques, memory paging is a memory administration scheme that enables the physical Memory Wave Workshop used by a program to be non-contiguous. This additionally helps keep away from the issue of memory fragmentation and requiring compaction to scale back fragmentation. For historical reasons, this method is sometimes known as swapping. When mixed with virtual memory, it is known as paged virtual memory. On this scheme, the working system retrieves data from secondary storage in blocks of the same dimension (pages). Paging is an important a part of virtual memory implementations in trendy operating systems, using secondary storage to let applications exceed the dimensions of out there physical memory. Hardware support is necessary for environment friendly translation of logical addresses to physical addresses. As such, paged memory functionality is often hardwired right into a CPU by way of its Memory Management Unit (MMU) or Memory Protection Unit (MPU), and individually enabled by privileged system code in the working system's kernel.

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In CPUs implementing the x86 instruction set architecture (ISA) for example, the memory paging is enabled via the CR0 control register. In the 1960s, swapping was an early digital memory technique. A complete program or complete section could be "swapped out" (or "rolled out") from RAM to disk or drum, and another one can be swapped in (or rolled in). A swapped-out program would be present however its execution would be suspended while its RAM was in use by one other program

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Pub: 29 Aug 2025 06:18 UTC

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