北部羌語の音韻
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Qiang_language
子音
| labial(Po) | dental(po) | palatal(pOe) | retroflex(pOE) | velar(POe) | uvular(POE) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| nasal(Nlsdc) | m | n | ny | ng | ||
| stop, voiceless(Gwnlsdc) | b | d | g | gv | ||
| stop, aspirated(gWnlsdc) | p | t | k | kv | ||
| stop, voiced(gwnlsdc) | bb | dd | gg | |||
| mellow fricative, voiceless(WlsdC) | ph | h | ||||
| mellow fricative, voiced(wlsdC) | hh | |||||
| lateral fricative, voiceless(WlSdc) | lh | |||||
| lateral fricative, voiced(wlSdc) | l | |||||
| strident fricative, voiceless(WlSdC) | s | x | sh | v | ||
| strident fricative, voiced(wlSdC) | ss | xx | rr | vv | ||
| affricate, voiceless(GwnlSDC) | z | j | zh | |||
| affricate, aspirated(gWnlSDC) | c | q | ch | |||
| affricated, voiced(gwnlSDC) | zz | jj | dh |
[h]はwhispered loose covert glideとして\$gtWnLsDco
[ɦ]は声門化された whispered covert glideとして\$GtWnLsDco
(音韻論としては摩擦音扱い)
半子音
表示としては二重母音、三重母音として現れる
[j]は\$LsDCpoeR
[w]は\$LsDCPOEr
あと今はあまり使われないもののrhoticが母音調和の一環で出てくるらしい。マジ？
母音
| front, unround(pe) | front, rounded(pE) | middle/back, unround(Pe) | back, rounded(PE) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| high(Co)) | i | y | u | |
| middle(co) | ea | e | o | |
| low(cO) | ae | a |
配列
音節の構造はFCGVGCᴾF(V以外は任意)
正書法
| Letter | IPA |
|---|---|
| a | a |
| ae | æ |
| b | p |
| bb | b |
| c | t͡sʰ |
| ch | ʈ͡ʂʰ |
| d | t |
| dd | d |
| dh | ɖ͡ʐ |
| e | ə |
| ea | e |
| f | f |
| g | k |
| gg | g |
| gv | q |
| h | x |
| hh | ɣ |
| hv | h |
| i | i |
| iu | y |
| j | t͡ɕ |
| jj | d͡ʑ |
| k | kʰ |
| kv | qʰ |
| l | l |
| lh | ɬ |
| m | m |
| n | n |
| ng | ŋ |
| ny | ȵ |
| o | o |
| p | pʰ |
| ph | ɸ |
| q | t͡ɕʰ |
| rr | ʐ |
| s | s |
| sh | ʂ |
| ss | z |
| t | tʰ |
| u | u |
| v | χ |
| vh | ɦ |
| vv | ʁ |
| w | w, u̥ |
| x | ɕ |
| xx | ʑ |
| y | j |
| z | t͡s |
| zh | ʈ͡ʂ |
| zz | d͡z |