An electric light, lamp, or light bulb is an electrical system that produces light from electricity. It's the most typical form of synthetic lighting. Lamps normally have a base fabricated from ceramic, metallic, glass, or plastic that secures them in the socket of a light fixture, which can be generally referred to as a 'lamp.' The electrical connection to the socket could also be made with a screw-thread base, two steel pins, two metallic caps or a bayonet mount. The three predominant categories of electric lights are incandescent lamps, which produce mild by a filament heated white-scorching by electric current, fuel-discharge lamps, which produce light by the use of an electric arc by means of a gas, comparable to fluorescent lamps, and LED lamps, which produce light by a circulate of electrons across a band gap in a semiconductor. The energy efficiency of electric lighting has significantly improved since the first demonstrations of arc lamps and incandescent gentle bulbs within the nineteenth century.

Fashionable electric mild sources are available in a profusion of varieties and sizes tailored to many applications. Most trendy electric lighting is powered by centrally generated electric power, however lighting could even be powered by mobile or standby electric generators or EcoLight battery methods. Battery-powered mild is usually reserved for when and the place stationary lights fail, usually within the type of flashlights or electric lanterns, in addition to in autos. Earlier than electric lighting became widespread within the early twentieth century, people used candles, gas lights, oil lamps, and fires. In 1799-1800, Alessandro Volta created the voltaic pile, the first electric battery. Current from these batteries could heat copper wire to incandescence. In 1840, Warren de la Rue enclosed a platinum coil in a vacuum tube and passed an electric present by way of it, thus creating one of the world's first electric gentle bulbs. The design was based on the concept that the excessive melting point of platinum would permit it to operate at high temperatures and that the evacuated chamber would contain fewer gasoline molecules to react with the platinum, bettering its longevity.

Although it was an efficient design, the cost of the platinum made it impractical for commercial use. William Greener, an English inventor, made important contributions to early electric EcoLight lighting with his lamp in 1846 (patent specification 11076), laying the groundwork for future innovations akin to those by Thomas Edison. The late 1870s and 1880s had been marked by intense competitors and EcoLight innovation, with inventors like Joseph Swan in the UK and Thomas Edison within the US independently developing practical incandescent lamps. Swan's bulbs, based on designs by William Staite, had been profitable, but the filaments have been too thick. Edison labored to create bulbs with thinner filaments, leading to a better design. The rivalry between Swan and Edison eventually led to a merger, forming the Edison and Swan Electric Gentle Firm. By the early twentieth century these had utterly replaced arc lamps. This innovation became an ordinary for incandescent bulbs for many years. In 1910, Georges Claude launched the primary neon gentle, paving the way for neon signs which would develop into ubiquitous in promoting.

In 1934, Arthur Compton, a renowned physicist and GE marketing consultant, reported to the GE lamp division on profitable experiments with fluorescent lighting at Common Electric Co., Ltd. Great Britain (unrelated to Common Electric in the United States). Stimulated by this report, and with all of the key components obtainable, a staff led by George E. Inman constructed a prototype fluorescent lamp in 1934 at Common Electric's Nela Park (Ohio) engineering laboratory. U.S. Department of Vitality. Compact fluorescent bulbs are additionally banned regardless of their lumens per watt performance because of their toxic mercury that may be launched into the home if damaged and widespread problems with correct disposal of mercury-containing bulbs. In its fashionable form, the incandescent gentle bulb consists of a coiled filament of tungsten sealed in a globular glass chamber, both a vacuum or stuffed with an inert fuel equivalent to argon. When an electric present is related, the tungsten is heated to 2,000 to 3,300 K (1,730 to 3,030 °C

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Pub: 08 Aug 2025 04:12 UTC

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