Proto-Nostratic Swadesh–Yakhontov list

出典: https://web.archive.org/web/20110611110047/http://www.dspace.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/196512/49/00ND_ALL.pdf

リスト

meaning Dolgopolsky, A. "Nostratic Dictionary"Nostratic Dictionary
I 1354 *mi
you (singular) 2312 *ṭ⌜ü⌝
this 751 *ha
who 981 *Ḳo
what 1355 *mi
one 68 *ʔuRE~*ʔüR∇, 2259 *täyḲ∇
two 607 *gäKt⌜ä⌝, 1400 *mAl∇, 2243 *tüʔ⌜o⌝
fish 153 *ʕ̱aṭU, 2609 *X⌜o⌝ṭ∇
dog 1083 *Ḳüy⌞a⌟n̄∇, 2729 *ʒaħiĺ|ḷ∇
louse 265a *biṭ∇
blood 1101 *Ḳ⌜üwa⌝ŋʕi, 1163 *Ḳur⌜Xû⌝, 2693 *žæśχ|q∇
bone 731 *ɣôč̣∇, 999 *ḳ⌜o⌝č∇ ~ *ḳ⌜o⌝č̣∇, 1804 *P_⌜e⌝ŕ⌞∇⌟Ḳü
egg 1429 *muǹ∇(-t|d∇)
horn 1130 *ḳær∇
tail 211 *bôĺX⌜a⌝, 499 *dub⌞ʔ⌟∇, 1009 *ḳUd∇, 2286 *tupʕ∇
ear 1036 *ḲeHu⌜h⌝lüHê, 2133 *s∇Tîm∇
eye 124 *ʕ̱uḲa, 138 *ʕ̱oyn̄∇
nose 1646 *ŋäqaŝa
tooth 1687 *P_al∇, 2089 *s|šäŋ∇
tongue 1609 *ńaŋgü
hand 314 *c⌜aweR⌝∇, 653 *gä⌜p⌝sA, 2752 *ʒ|zoR∇
know 306 *cüŋ∇, 455 *ĉ⌜i⌝ʔ⌜ä⌝n̄â
die 1494 *mût∇
give 229 *bärʔ∇, 413 *čAy∇, 1641 *⌜ŋ⌝amT∇, 2251 *toH⌜ü⌝ ~ *ta|æH⌜ü⌝
sun 1080 *Ḳün̄∇ ~ *Ḳun̄E, 1520 *meʒ̂∇, 1561 *ṉaher∇, 2136 *s̄i⌜h⌝w∇
moon 574 *d∇št∇, 2283a *tEŋg∇ḷ|ĺ∇
water 122 *ʕ̱aḲo, 1382 *mûhi, 2544 *`wetê
salt 108a *ʕ̱∇Cü⌞ʔ∇⌟P∇, 2054 *S∇HaL∇
stone 968 *kiw⌞∇⌟ħ⌜ê⌝, 1044 *ḳalʕ∇, 2275 *ti⌞ʔa⌟ĺo
wind 626a *gAĺ|ļ∇
fire 619 *goħl∇, 814 *HäŋkU, 1645 *ŋeh⌜U⌝ŕ⌜i⌝, 1671 *ṗä⌞ɣ⌟iwA, 2250 *t⌜e⌝ɣaw⌜a⌝, 2341 *ṭok∇ʔ∇ ~ *ṭo⌜h⌝æk∇
year 2550 *weṭ∇
full 2293 *türʕ̱ê ~ *turʕ̱ê
new 1573 *n̄æw⌞y⌟∇
name 1552 *nimʔ∇

記号の意味

子音

labial($Po) dental($po) palatalized($pOeR) retroflex($pOEr) dorsal($PO)
stop($gnlsdc) b/p d/t g/k
emphatic stop($GnlsDc) p'<p̣> t'<ṭ> k'<ḳ>
nasal($Nlsdc) m n ń ǹ ŋ
"strident" stop($glSdc) ɢ/q
strident fricative($lSdC) z/s ź/ś ž/š ɣ/χ
lateral affricate($glSDc) dɮ<ʒ̂>/tɬ<ĉ>
emphatic lateral affricate, "strident" stop($GlSDc) tɬ'<ĉ̣> q'<q̣>
strident affricate($glSDC) dz<ʒ>/ts<c> dź<ʒ́>/tś<ć> dž<ǯ>/tš<č̣>
emphatic strident affricate($GlSDC) ts'<c̣> tś'<ć̣> tš'<č̣>
lateral liquid($LSdc) l ĺ ɭ<ļ>
trill($LSdC) ŕ r
  • loose glide($LsDc)
glottal($r) "pharyngeal"($R)
"voiceless"($gW) h ħ
"voiced"($Gw) ʔ ʕ
  • constrictive glide($LsDC)
($r) palatalized($R)
($e) y
rounded($E) w

ʕ̱: ʕ|ɣ

母音

front central back
high i ü u
mid e o
low ä a

æ: ä|e
A: ä|a
E: i|e|ä
â: u|o|a
ê: e|i
ô: o|u
û: ü|u
î: i|ü|u
U: ü|u|o
∇: 母音すべて

その他

⌜*⌝: *かそれに似たもの
⌞*⌟: *があるかないか不明

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Pub: 29 Feb 2024 14:37 UTC

Edit: 08 Mar 2024 08:45 UTC

Views: 54