Testosteron-Präparate: Dosierung, Risiko und Nebenwirkungen
A number of methods for detecting testosterone use by athletes have been employed, most based on a urine test. Hormone supplements cause the endocrine system to adjust its production and lower the natural production of the hormone, so when supplements are discontinued, natural hormone production is lower than it was originally.citation needed The most common route of administration for testosterone is by intramuscular injection.
However, it has been reported that AndroGel, a transdermal gel formulation of testosterone, has become the most popular form of testosterone in androgen replacement therapy for hypogonadism in the United States. It appears that in women, rather than testosterone, estradiol may be the most important hormone involved in sexual desire, although data on the clinical use of estradiol to increase sexual desire in women is limited. The reasons cited were limited efficacy (about one additional sexually satisfying event per month), concerns about safety and potential adverse effects with long-term therapy, and concerns about inappropriate off-label use.
There are many known cases of doping in sports with testosterone and its esters by professional athletes. As of November 2016update, testosterone is available in Canada in the form of topical gels (AndroGel, Testim), topical solutions (Axiron), transdermal patches (Androderm), and intranasal gels (Natesto). Unmodified testosterone was also formerly available for intramuscular injection but was discontinued. There is a medical condition called late-onset hypogonadism; according to Thomas Perls and David J. Handelsman, writing in a 2015 editorial in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, it appears that this condition is overdiagnosed and overtreated.
Talk to your care team about the use of this medication in children. Testosterone is under development in a low-dose intranasal formulation for the treatment of anorgasmia in women. Otherwise considered krizia of testosterone, reduced spermatogenesis can be further suppressed with the addition of a progestin such as norethisterone enanthate or levonorgestrel butanoate, improving the contraceptive effect. A similar 2012 review also found increased exercise capacity and reasoned the benefits generlizable to women. A 2009 review found that testosterone had an antidepressant effect in men with depression, especially those with hypogonadism, HIV/AIDS, and in the elderly.
In addition, local levels of DHT in so-called androgenic (5α-reductase-expressing) tissues are also markedly reduced, and this can have a strong impact on certain effects of testosterone. Testosterone may accelerate pre-existing prostate cancer growth in individuals who have undergone androgen deprivation. However, byizea between testosterone supplementation and the development of prostate cancer is unproven. The FDA has required that testosterone pharmaceutical labels include warning information about the possibility of an increased risk of heart attacks and stroke.
Aromatase inhibitors like anastrozole prevent the conversion of testosterone into estradiol by aromatase. In addition to the prevention of testosterone conversion into DHT, 5α-reductase inhibitors also prevent the formation of neurosteroids like 3α-androstanediol from testosterone, and this may have neuropsychiatric consequences in some men. For instance, growth of body and facial hair and penile growth induced by testosterone may be inhibited by 5α-reductase inhibitors, and this could be considered undesirable in the context of, for instance, puberty induction.
Gynecomastia and breast tenderness may occur with high dosages of testosterone due to peripheral conversion of testosterone by aromatase into excessive amounts of the estrogen estradiol. Exogenous testosterone may cause suppression of spermatogenesis in men, leading to, in some cases, reversible infertility. In koreatesol , the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) specified label changes for products containing testosterone. Another approach being investigated is the detection of the administered form of testosterone, usually an ester, in hair.
Testosterone pellet implants are approved for use in postmenopausal women in the United Kingdom. It may occur because of testicular dysfunction (primary hypogonadism) or hypothalamic–pituitary dysfunction (secondary hypogonadism) and may be congenital or acquired. Testosterone deficiency (also termed hypotestosteronism or hypotestosteronemia) is an abnormally low testosterone production. Decline of testosterone production with age has led to interest in testosterone supplementation.
Throw away any unused medication after the expiration date on the label. You may report side effects to FDA at FDA-1088. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. This list may not describe all possible side effects.