this is my study guide dont bully me please

my directory &&&& and my atabook im trying my hardest guys be kind to me
I'm gonna use this as a notes study guide because I can everyone say hello to medical terminology
- Topic 1 – Medical Language Structure
- Topic 2 – Integumentary System
- Topic 3 – Skeletal System
- Topic 4 – Muscular System
- Topic 5 – Nervous System
- Topic 6 – Cardiovascular System
- Topic 7 – Blood and Lymphatic System
- Topic 8 – Respiratory System
- Topic 9 – Gastrointestinal System
- Topic 10 – Urinary System
- Topic 11 – Male Reproductive System
- Topic 12 – Female Reproductive System
- Topic 13 – Endocrine System
- Topic 14 – Ophthalmology
- Topic 14.5 – Otolaryngology
- Topic 15 – Psychiatry
- Topic 16 – Finals Week
Topic 1 – Medical Language Structure
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Topic 2 – Integumentary System
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Topic 3 – Skeletal System
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Topic 4 – Muscular System
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| ADLs | Activities of Daily Living = basic self-care tasks that individuals typically perform to maintain their daily lives |
| COTA | Certified Occupational Therapy Assistant = a healthcare professional who helps patients perform daily living activities by implementing treatment plans developed by Occupational Therapists |
| DTR / DTRs | Deep Tendon Reflex/s = involuntary, stereotypical muscle contractions that occur in response to a sudden stretch of the muscle tendon |
| EMG | Electromyography = is a diagnostic test that measures the electrical activity of muscles and nerves |
| IM | Intramuscular = means "into the muscle" |
| MD | Muscular Dystrophy for this topic it stands for muscular dystrophy, not doctor of medicine = a group of genetic diseases that cause muscle weakness and degeneration |
| MRI | Magnetic Resonance Imaging = a medical imaging technique that uses strong magnets and radio waves to create detailed images of the body's internal structures, such as bones, muscles, tendons, ligaments, and organs |
| PT | Physical Therapy = A healthcare profession that focuses on improving physical function and mobility through exercises, manual therapy, and other interventions. |
| ROM | Range of Motion = to the amount of movement possible at a joint, measured in degrees, and is a key indicator of joint functionality, flexibility, and overall musculoskeletal health. Medical professionals assess ROM to diagnose injuries, monitor rehabilitation progress, and evaluate conditions like arthritis or muscle injuries. |
| RSI | Rapid Sequence Intubation = It is a medical procedure used to quickly and safely intubate a patient, meaning to insert a breathing tube into their trachea. |
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| bi/o- | life |
| buccinat/o- | cheek |
| burs/o- | bursa |
| contract/o- | "to pull together" or "to shrink". |
| delt/o- | triangle |
| electr/o- | "electric" or "electricity". |
| fasci/o- | fascia |
| fibr/o- | fiber or fibrous tissue. |
| ganglion/o- | meaning "swelling" or "tumor". |
| masset/o- | to chew; chewing |
| pector/o- | chest |
| rhabd/o- | rod; wand; streak or stripe on an animal |
| tendin/o- | tendon |
| troph/o- | "nourishment" or "food" |
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| abduction | the movement of a limb or body part away from the midline of the body |
| adduction | the movement towards the midline |
| biceps brachii muscle | a large, two-headed muscle on the front of the upper arm that flexes the elbow and supinates the forearm. |
| buccinator | a thin, quadrilateral facial muscle that forms the wall of the cheek and the lateral side of the oral cavity |
| bursa | a small, fluid-filled sac that acts as a cushion between bones, tendons, and muscles |
| contraction | the process of a muscle shortening or tightening |
| deep tendon reflexes (DTR or DTRs) | involuntary, automatic muscle contractions that occur when a muscle tendon is tapped, causing a sudden stretch |
| deltoid muscle | a large, triangular-shaped muscle located on the shoulder |
| extension | a movement where a joint increases its angle, straightening or extending a body part |
| fascia | a type of connective tissue that surrounds and supports all the structures in the body, including muscles, organs, bones, and nerves |
| flexion | a movement in anatomy where the angle between two body parts decreases |
| gastrocnemius muscle | a large, superficial muscle located in the posterior compartment of the lower leg |
| gluteus maximus muscle | arge, superficial muscle forming the bulk of the buttocks, responsible for powerful hip extension and external rotation of the thigh |
| hamstring | a group of three powerful muscles at the back of the thigh—the semitendinosus, semimembranosus, and biceps femoris—that originate near the hip and attach below the knee |
| insertion | the point of attachment of a muscle to a bone, tendon, or other structure that is moved during the muscle's contraction |
| latissimus dorsi muscle | a broad, flat muscle on the back that extends from the pelvis and lower back to the shoulder and arm |
| masseter muscle | a thick, quadrangular-shaped muscle located in the jaw area, primarily responsible for elevating the mandible (lower jaw) to close the mouth and chew |
| origin | the point where the muscle attaches to a stationary bone or structure |
| pectoralis major muscle | a large, fan-shaped muscle in the chest that moves the arm by flexing, adducting, and medially rotating it at the shoulder joint |
| pronation | a movement in anatomy that involves the inward rotation of a body part |
| quadriceps femoris | a powerful muscle group in the front of the thigh, composed of four muscles: the rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and vastus intermedius |
| rotation | the movement of a bone or body part around its central axis |
| skeletal muscles | voluntary muscles that are attached to bones and responsible for body movement |
| sternocleidomastoid muscle | the anatomical structure of the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle, a large, paired muscle in the neck that originates from the sternum and clavicle and inserts on the mastoid process of the temporal bone |
| supination | a rotational movement of the forearm that turns the palm of the hand upward or forward |
| synovial joint | a freely movable joint that allows for smooth movement between two or more bones |
| tendon | a fibrous connective tissue that connects muscles to bones |
| trapezius muscle | a large, flat muscle located in the upper back and neck |
| triceps brachii muscle | the prominent muscle on the back of the upper arm responsible for extending the elbow joint |
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| atrophy | the "wasting away" of a body part, like muscle or brain tissue, where the cells or tissue decrease in size or number |
| bursitis | an inflammatory condition of the bursae, which are small, fluid-filled sacs that cushion joints and minimize friction between bones, muscles, and tendons |
| contracture | the abnormal shortening of muscle or other tissue, leading to a permanent limitation in the range of motion of a joint or area of the body |
| Duchenne's muscular dystrophy | a severe, genetic, and progressive muscle-wasting disorder that primarily affects boys, causing muscle weakness, loss of function, and eventually impacting the heart and breathing muscles |
| Dupuytren's contracture | a genetic condition where the tissue in the palm of the hand thickens and tightens, forming cords that pull the fingers inward, making it impossible to straighten them |
| fibromyalgia | a chronic condition causing widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, sleep disturbances, and cognitive issues like "brain fog" |
| ganglion cyst | a noncancerous, fluid-filled lump that commonly forms on the wrist, hand, or foot, but is not considered a disease |
| hypertrophy | the enlargement of an organ, tissue, or cell due to an increase in the size of its existing cells, not an increase in cell number |
| muscular dystrophy (MD) | a group of genetic disorders that cause muscle weakness and degeneration, which worsens over time and makes everyday activities increasingly difficult. |
| repetitive strain injury (RSI) | a general term for pain in the muscles, nerves, and tendons caused by repetitive motion and overuse |
| restless legs syndrome | a chronic nervous system disorder characterized by an overwhelming urge to move the legs, typically accompanied by uncomfortable sensations like creeping or crawling |
| rhabdomyoma | a noncancerous (benign) tumor that grows from striated muscle tissue |
| rotator cuff tear | damage or a rip in one or more of the tendons of the rotator cuff |
| tendinitis | a condition characterized by the inflammation or irritation of a tendon, the fibrous tissue that connects muscle to bone |
| tremor | an involuntary, rhythmic shaking of a body part, such as the hands, arms, head, or voice |
Topic 5 – Nervous System
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Topic 6 – Cardiovascular System
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Topic 7 – Blood and Lymphatic System
Key Terms List
Topic 8 – Respiratory System
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Topic 9 – Gastrointestinal System
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Topic 10 – Urinary System
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Topic 11 – Male Reproductive System
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Topic 12 – Female Reproductive System
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Topic 13 – Endocrine System
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Topic 14 – Ophthalmology
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Topic 14.5 – Otolaryngology
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Topic 15 – Psychiatry
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Topic 16 – Finals Week
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