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Premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) are a form of irregular heartbeat. These extra beats are generally not dangerous and may disappear on their own.

Doctors will monitor your heartbeat and also check other vitals signs. They may order a Holter monitor which is a device that tracks your heart's electrical impulses over 24-48 hours. They may also order blood tests for checking your thyroid hormones and electrolyte levels.

Diagnosis

PVCs occur when electrical impulses coming from the lower chambers of the heart ventricles misfire through a structure called the SA node. This causes the heartbeat to be delayed and causes a feeling of fluttering or skipped beats in the chest. PVCs can occur in isolation or in repeated patterns. Two consecutive PVCs are referred to as doublets, while three or more consecutive PVCs are referred to as ventricular Tachycardia (VT).

Some people have no symptoms, whereas others experience palpitations. It could be an unsteady heartbeat or a slurred heartbeat. Other typical symptoms include fatigue and dizziness, as well as a feeling of being unwell.

Many people who suffer from occasional PVCs do not require any treatment. If a person experiences frequent episodes, doctors might suggest a change to diet or lifestyle like limiting caffeine, alcohol and stress. They might prescribe medication such as beta-blockers and calcium channel blockers that lower blood pressure and slow down the heart rate.

Doctors will inquire about the medical history of the patient and conduct a physical exam to assess their general health. They may also use a Holter monitor to track the heart's rhythms for longer periods of time or an electrocardiogram which captures a picture of the electrical activity within the heart. In some cases doctors may request blood tests to determine if there is an electrolyte imbalance or toxic effects from drugs.

A pvc doctor may refer the patient to an electrophysiologist or a specialist in heart rhythm disorders for further evaluation. This specialist can confirm the diagnosis of PVCs and determine if they are benign or not.

PVCs can be found everywhere and are generally not harmful unless they are used frequently or for long periods of time. This can lead to a weakening of the heart muscle, or a condition referred to as pvc-induced cardiomyopathy. This is more common in older adults or those suffering from heart disease. It can also happen in healthy people with an uninvolved heart, however this is more likely in those who exercise regularly. It's not an issue to worry about but it's important to speak with your doctor if you experience symptoms like fainting or fatigue.

Treatment

For many, occasional PVCs aren't likely to cause symptoms or are harmless and require no treatment. If you feel that your heart is racing or not making an entire beat, you need to consult a doctor immediately.

A cardiologist will start by interviewing you and doing an examination of your body, monitoring your heart using the stethoscope to look for irregular beats. You will also have an electrocardiogram (ECG) performed, which will record the electrical impulses that occur in your heart and identify any arrhythmias. If an arrhythmia is found then an all-day Holter monitor or other portable ECG will be needed to record the abnormal rhythm over longer durations of time. These devices can help doctors determine if you have PVCs and the reason behind them, like an electrolyte imbalance, drug toxicities, or other causes.

You may be required to undergo an echocardiogram (an ultrasound of your heart) to determine whether your heart health is good and to look for structural problems that could lead to PVCs. You could also be asked to undergo an exercise test to determine how your heart reacts to exercise. Physical activity can increase the frequency of pvcs. You may also undergo blood tests to determine your magnesium, potassium and thyroid hormone levels to determine whether they are insufficient, which can contribute to the formation of PVCs.

After your doctor has confirmed that you're suffering from PVCs and has eliminated any serious illness, the decision of whether or not to treat them will be contingent on how much they're impacting your life and how often they occur. If they occur only occasionally and don't cause any symptoms, your doctor is unlikely to recommend any medication that will reduce their frequency or severity.

If you have frequent PVCs that cause heart palpitations, or other symptoms such as feeling light-headed or fainting, your physician might prescribe medications like beta blockers and calcium channel blockers. Altering your lifestyle to avoid triggers, such as smoking, caffeine and excess stress, can reduce the frequency of times you experience these abnormal pulses.

The following is a list of preventatives.

There are people who do not experience symptoms whatsoever from PVCs, or feel heart palpitations (irregular heartbeats) that can appear as "skipped" beats or fluttering in the chest. Sometimes, these episodes trigger the chest to feel full or swollen in the chest, and at other occasions, they may make someone feel faint. These episodes occur because the heart is not pumping as efficiently as it normally does. PVCs are associated with an increased risk of dilated cardiomyopathy. window doctor is a condition where the heart gets larger and is unable to pump blood.

PVCs are usually caused by changes in body chemistry. These include the release of thyroid and adrenaline hormones, and drinking caffeine or alcohol. A lack of exercise can also trigger these episodes and stress, as well as excess weight.

Certain people find that altering their diet may help to reduce the amount of PVCs. For instance, they can avoid foods that are preservative-laden, which can cause a disturbance of the heart rhythm. These include disodium guanylate and disodium Inosinate, and diazole Sodium (E282-283). They can also consume more fruits and vegetables to ensure they're getting enough magnesium and potassium.

It is essential to have regular health check-ups, which include yearly physicals and lab tests. These tests can help identify any heart-related conditions that could be causing your PVCs. Also, you should refrain from smoking and adhere to an appropriate diet program. This can increase the frequency of episodes.

A survey of 14 typical hospital wards revealed that healthcare staff were generally aware of preventive measures for the infection caused by vascular catheters, but their self-assessment of compliance to these procedures was not high. After a feedback intervention that improved compliance on certain wards but was still low. This suggests that education is needed on how to implement preventive measures and that wards that are less conforming should be targeted for infection monitoring. This information could be used to guide the implementation of additional quality improvement initiatives on these wards. This will most likely require further education and training for staff. It will also mean making sure that the correct materials are in place for the implementing of the preventive measures.

Symptoms

The premature contraction of the ventricular muscle can cause your heartbeat to skip beats or flutter. These arrhythmias can be harmless, but they could be a sign that you have serious heart problems.

In healthy people, sporadic PVCs aren't an issue and they usually go away by themselves. If you've got a lot of them, it can cause dizziness or weakening. If you're concerned, talk to your doctor about the symptoms. They might need to diagnose the problem by taking a medical history and performing a physical exam. They may also want to perform an electrocardiogram or other tests.

A short ECG test allows your doctor to see the heartbeat signal moving through your body for a a short period of time. The test will determine if you have PVCs. Your doctor may also suggest to do an overnight or 24-hour Holter monitor which monitors your heartbeat over longer periods of time. These tests can help distinguish PVCs from arrhythmias that cause heart palpitations. You might also wear a portable device that records your heart rhythm over 30 days, called an event monitor.

Other heart tests may be required, based on the reason behind your PVCs. For instance, a cardiologist might check your blood pressure and perform an ultrasound of your heart (echocardiogram). This can help determine if you have a issue that could be the cause of your PVCs or heart valves, such as cardiomyopathy, mitral valve prolapse or heart failure.

Your doctor might also need to do a blood test to see what is wrong with your electrolytes, such as low potassium or high calcium levels. This could indicate that you have PVCs, or another health issue such as anemia or anxiety disorders.

You could be referred to an electrophysiologist who is able to treat abnormal heart rhythms. This specialist may need to conduct other tests if you are suffering from structural heart diseases like an CT or MRI scan of your chest. These tests can determine if you have damage to your heart and how serious it is. In some instances an expert may recommend pacemakers to treat the issue which is causing the PVCs.

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Pub: 13 May 2024 09:17 UTC
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