ブルシャスキー系の基層からVedic Sanskritに流入した語彙

Witzel, Michael (1999). "Substrate Languages in Old Indo-Aryan (Rigvedic, Middle and Late Vedic)" (PDF). Electronic Journal of Vedic Studies. 5 (1)の§ 4. The Northwestより抜粋

具体例

kil¯ay

Ved. k¯ıl¯ala- ‘biestings, a sweet drink’RV 10.91.14, (note AV 4.11.10 next to the loan word k¯ın¯a´sa, see above); k¯ıl¯ala cannot have a IA etymology (EWA I 358 ‘unclear’); continuants are found in the Dardic branch of IA (Khowar kil.¯al), and in Nuristani (kil´¯a etc.), as well as in later Skt. kil¯at.a ‘cheese’, cf. DEDR 1580 Tam. kil¯aan ‘curd’); for details see Kuiper 1955: 150f., Turner, CDIAL 3181, Tikkanen 1988.

m¯es. ‘skinbag’

CDIAL 10343 < Ved. *mais.iya ‘ovine’, mes.a ‘ram’ RV

gur‘wheat’

pl. guri ˙n/gure ˙n < *γorum, gurg´an ‘winter wheat’, cf. Ved. godh¯uma

bras ‘rice’

different from bri´u ‘rice (< Shina bri´u ), cf. Ved. vr¯ıhi

bus ‘sheaf’

CDIAL 8298, cf. Ved. busa, br˚s¯ı ‘chaff’(cf. Pinnow 1959: 39)

ku(h)´a (Berger γu´a) ‘new moon’

cf. Ved kuh¯u ‘deity ofnew moon’

γupas(Berger gup´as) ‘cotton’

cf. Ved. karp¯asa, Kashm. kapas

baluqa ‘stone’ (in a game)

cf. b´altas. ‘stone thrown at someone’, cf. Ved. para´su ‘(stone) ax’, Greek p´elekus, see EWA II, 214

ba ˙n‘resin oftrees’

ba ˙n ∼ IIr bha ˙nga ‘hemp, cannabis’, cf. Khowar bo ˙n.

k/´s

there is interchange of k/´s, and retention of -an- (not > -o-):

• Bur. k¯ıl¯ay : Ved. k¯ıl¯ala,
• but ˇson ‘blind one-eyed’ : Ved. k¯an. a
• γoro (Berger γur´o) ‘stone, pebbles’, cf. Ved. ´sar-kara
• cf. also (Witzel 1999) γoqares, Berger γ´okura˙c ‘raven’ Ved. k¯aka
• Bur. γa´s´u ‘onion’, cf. Ved. la´suna, Shina ka´su
• γon, Berger γuun ´ ‘quail’, cf. (?) Ved. laba.