Japan: The Canary in the Coal Mine — Citations

Jay's Letter | June 2026


Public-domain sources

Mine-rescue worker holding a canary (1928)

The cold-open shot of a U.S. Bureau of Mines rescue worker in a McCaa self-contained oxygen breathing apparatus, holding a small cage with a canary used to test for carbon monoxide.

Portrait of John Scott Haldane (1902)

The full-figure portrait of Scottish physiologist John Scott Haldane (1860–1936) — the figure named in the cold open who established the use of canaries as carbon-monoxide detectors in British coal mines.

  • Photographer: Sir John Benjamin Stone (1838–1914), 1902
  • Source: Wikimedia Commons (Benjamin Stone Collection)
  • License: Public domain. Photographer died in 1914 (UK copyright expired); work first published before 1929.

Haldane's report on the causes of death in colliery explosions (1896)

The title page of Report to the Secretary of State for the Home Department on the Causes of Death in Colliery Explosions and Underground Fires, with Special Reference to the Explosions at Tylorstown, Brancepeth, and Micklefield, by John Haldane, M.D. — used in the cold open over the line about Haldane studying mine explosions.

  • Author: John Scott Haldane, M.D.
  • Publisher: London: Printed for Her Majesty's Stationery Office, by Eyre and Spottiswoode, 1896 [C.—8112.]
  • License: Public domain. UK Crown copyright expired; work first published before 1929.

1979 $10,000 U.S. Treasury coupon bond certificate

The Treasury bond certificate used as a visual anchor over the segment connecting Japan's holdings of U.S. government debt.

  • Source: Wikimedia Commons — https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:1979_$10,000_Treasury_Bond_.jpg
  • Original collection: The Joe I. Herbstman Memorial Collection of American Finance
  • License: Public domain. U.S. government work under 17 U.S.C. § 105 (Bureau of Engraving and Printing instrument); Bridgeman v. Corel doctrine confirms that faithful 2D reproduction of public-domain flat work creates no new copyright.

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Pub: 06 Jun 2026 11:32 UTC

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