Breathing-Related Sleep Disorders

The breathing-related sleep disorders category encompasses three relatively distinct disorders: obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea, central sleep apnea, and sleep-related hypoventilation.

Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Obstructive sleep apnea occurs when your breathing is interrupted during sleep, for longer than 10 seconds at least 5 times per hour (on average) throughout your sleep period. These periods are called hypopneas when your breathing is reduced and you're not taking in enough oxygen. Diagnostic Criteria
A. Either (1) or (2):

  1. Evidence by polysomnography of at least five obstructive apneas or hypopneas per hour of sleep and either of the following sleep symptoms:

a. Nocturnal breathing disturbances: snoring, snorting/gasping, or breathing pauses during sleep.

b. Daytime sleepiness, fatigue, or unrefreshing sleep despite sufficient opportunities to sleep that is not better explained by another mental disorder (including a sleep disorder) and is not attributable to another medical condition.

  1. Evidence by polysomnography of 15 or more obstructive apneas and/or hypopneas per hour of sleep regardless of accompanying symptoms.

Central Sleep Apnea

Sleep apnea is a potentially serious sleep disorder in which breathing repeatedly stops and starts. If you snore loudly and feel tired even after a full night's sleep, you might have sleep apnea. It can be treatable (not curable), the most common method is CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure) machines to assist with it. If untreated it's concluded that people with untreated sleep apnea are 3 times more likely to experience a stroke than the average healthy adult Diagnostic Criteria
A. Evidence by polysomnography of five or more central apneas per hour of sleep.

B. The disorder is not better explained by another current sleep disorder.

Sleep-Related Hypoventilation

Sleep-related hypoxemia is a medical condition characterized by abnormally low levels of oxygen in the blood during sleep. This can result from various causes, including sleep apnea, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or other respiratory disorders. Diagnostic Criteria
A. Polysomnography demonstrates episodes of decreased respiration associated with elevated C0 2 levels. (Note: In the absence of objective measurement of C0 2 , persistent low levels of hemoglobin oxygen saturation unassociated with apneic/hypopneic events may indicate hypoventilation.)

B. The disturbance is not better explained by another current sleep disorder.

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Pub: 03 Jun 2024 16:32 UTC

Edit: 03 Jun 2024 16:33 UTC

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